ʻO ʻApelika kekahi o nā ʻāina hana bauxite nui loa. ʻO Guinea, he ʻāina ʻApelika, ʻo ia ka mea kūʻai nui loa o ka honua i ka bauxite a ʻo ia ka lua o ka hana bauxite. ʻO nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ʻApelika e hana i ka bauxite ʻo Ghana, Cameroon, Mozambique, Cote dʻIvoire, etc.
ʻOiai ʻo ʻApelika ka nui o ka bauxite, ʻaʻole nele ka ʻāina i ka hana alumini ma muli o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mana maʻamau, kaohi ʻana i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā a me ka hana hou ʻana, ke kūlana politika paʻa ʻole, a me ka nele o ka ʻoihana. Nui nā mea hoʻoheheʻe alumini i hoʻolaha ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻApelika, akā ʻaʻole hiki i ka hapa nui o lākou ke hiki i ko lākou mana hana maoli a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i nā hana pani, e like me Bayside Aluminum ma South Africa a me Alscon ma Nigeria.
1. HILLSIDE Aluminum (Apelika Hema)
No nā makahiki he 20, ua hana nui ʻo HILLSIDE Aluminum i ka ʻoihana alumini South Africa.
ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe alumini aia ma Richards Bay, KwaZulu Natal Province, ma kahi o 180 mau kilomita ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o Durban, e hoʻopuka i ka alumini kumu kiʻekiʻe no ka mākeke kūʻai aku.
Hāʻawi ʻia kahi hapa o ka metala wai iā Isizinda Aluminum e kākoʻo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana alumini ma lalo o ʻApelika Hema, ʻoiai ʻo Isizinda Aluminum lako.nā papa aluminiiā Hulamin, he hui kūloko e hoʻopuka ana i nā huahana no nā mākeke kūloko a me nā mea kūʻai aku.
Hoʻohana nui ka mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka alumina i lawe ʻia mai Worsley Alumina ma Australia e hana i ka alumina kumu kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa iā Hillside kahi mana hana makahiki ma kahi o 720000 tons, e hana ana ʻo ia ka mea hana alumini nui loa ma ka ʻaoʻao hema.
2. MOZAL Aluminum (Mozambique)
He ʻāina ʻo ʻApelika Hema ʻo Mozambique, a ʻo MOZAL Aluminum Company ka ʻoihana ʻoihana nui loa o ka ʻāina, e hāʻawi nui ana i ka hoʻokele waiwai kūloko. Aia ka mea kanu alumini ma 20 mau kilomita ma ke komohana o Maputo, ke kapikala o Mozambique.
ʻO ka smelter ka waiwai kūʻokoʻa nui loa ma ka ʻāina a ʻo ka hoʻopukapuka mua nui o nā haole he $2 biliona, e kōkua ana iā Mozambique i ke kūkulu hou ʻana ma hope o ka wā haunaele.
Aia ʻo South32 i ka 47.10% o nā ʻāpana ma Mozambique Aluminum Company, ʻo Mitsubishi Corporation Metals Holding GmbH ka 25% o nā ʻāpana, ʻo Industrial Development Corporation o South Africa Limited ka 24% o nā ʻāpana, a ʻo ke aupuni o ka Repubalika o Mozambique e paʻa ana i 3.90% o nā ʻāpana.
ʻO ka hua mua makahiki o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia he 250000 tons, a ua hoʻonui ʻia mai 2003 a 2004. I kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka mea hana alumini nui loa ma Mozambique a ʻo ka lua o ka mea hana alumini nui loa ma ʻApelika, me ka hoʻopuka makahiki ma kahi o 580000 tons. ʻO ia ka 30% o nā mea hoʻopuka kūhelu o Mozambique a hoʻopau pū i ka 45% o ka uila o Mozambique.
Ua hoʻomaka pū ʻo MOZAL e hoʻolako i ka ʻoihana alumini lalo mua o Mozambique, a ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia ʻoihana i lalo e hoʻoikaika i ka ʻoihana kūloko.
3. AIGUPTALUM (Aikupita)
Aia ʻo Egyptalum ma 100 mau kilomita ma ka ʻākau o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Luxor. ʻO ka Egyptian Aluminum Company ka mea hana alumini nui loa ma ʻAigupita a ʻo kekahi o nā mea hana alumini nui loa ma ʻApelika, me ka nui o ka mana hana o 320000 tons. Hāʻawi ka Aswan Dam i ka hui i ka uila e pono ai.
Ma ka nānā ponoʻana i ka mālamaʻana i nā limahana a me nā alakaʻi, me ka hoʻomau mauʻana i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka maikaʻi a me ka mālamaʻana i kēlā me kēia uluʻana i kaʻoihana alumini, ua liloʻo Egyptian Aluminum Company i hoʻokahi o nā hui honua nui ma kēia kahua. Hana lākou me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka hoʻolaʻa, e alakaʻi ana i ka ʻoihana i ka hoʻomau a me ke alakaʻi.
Ma Ianuali 25, 2021, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Hisham Tawfik, ke Kuhina o nā Utility Public, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana ke aupuni o ʻAigupita e hoʻokō i nā hana hou no Egyptalum, kahi hui alumini aupuni i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma EGX e like me ka Egyptian Aluminum Industry (EGAL).
Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo Tawfik, "Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Bechtel no ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hoʻopau i ka noiʻi kūpono o ka papahana ma waena o 2021.
ʻO Egyptian Aluminum Company kahi hui o Metallurgical Industry Holding Company, a aia nā hui ʻelua ma lalo o ka ʻoihana kalepa lehulehu.
4. VALCO (Ghana)
ʻO ka hale hoʻoheheʻe alumini o VALCO ma Ghana ʻo ia ka paka mua o ka honua ma kahi ʻāina e ulu ana. He 200000 metric tons o ka alumini kumu mua o VALCO no ka makahiki; Eia naʻe, i kēia manawa, hoʻohana wale ka ʻoihana i ka 20% o ia mea, a ʻo ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi hale o ia ʻano nui a me ka hiki ke koi aku i kahi kālā he $ 1.2 biliona.
ʻO VALCO kahi hui kuleana palena ʻia e ke aupuni o Ghana a ke hoʻomau nei ʻo ia i ka hana koʻikoʻi i nā hana a ke aupuni e hoʻomohala i ka Integrated Aluminum Industry (IAI). Ke hoʻohana nei ʻo VALCO ma ke ʻano he iwi kuamoʻo o ka papahana IAI, ke hoʻomākaukau nei ʻo Ghana e hoʻohui i ka waiwai i kāna mau waihona bauxite ma luna o 700 miliona ma Kibi a me Nyinahin, e hana ana ma luna o $ 105 trillion ma ka waiwai a ma kahi o 2.3 miliona mau manawa hana maikaʻi a hoʻomau. ʻO ka haʻawina kūpono o VALCO smelter e hōʻoia ana e lilo ʻo VALCO i kumu nui o ka papahana hoʻomohala o Ghana a ʻo ke kia maoli o ka ʻoihana alumini piha o Ghana.
He ikaika ikaika ʻo VALCO i ka ʻoihana alumini ma lalo o Ghana ma o ka lako metala a me nā pono hana e pili ana. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o VALCO ke hoʻokō i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana alumini i lalo o Ghana.
5. ALUCAM (Cameroon)
ʻO Alucam kahi hui hana alumini i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Cameroon. Ua hana ʻia e P é chiney Ugine. Aia ka smelter ma Ed é a, ke kapikala o ka ʻoihana Maritime Sanaga ma ke kahakai, 67 kilomita mai Douala.
ʻO ka mana hana makahiki o Alucam ma kahi o 100000, akā ma muli o ka lako mana maʻamau, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i ka pahuhopu hana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-11-2025